Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!

Surely you're joking, Mr. Feynman. Part 1 From Far Rockaway to M.I.T. He Fixes Radios by Thinking When I was about eleven or twelve I set up a lab in my house. It consisted of an old wooden packing box that I put shelves in. I had a heater, and I'd put in fat and cook French-fried potatoes all the time. I also had a storage battery and a lamp bank. To build the lamp bank I went down to the five and ten and got some sockets you can screw down to a wooden base, and connected them with pieces of bell wire. By making different combinations of switches, in series or parallel, I knew I could get different voltages. But what I hadn't realized was that a bulb's resistance depends on its temperature, so the results of my calculations weren't the same as the stuff that came out of the circuit. But it was all right, and when the bulbs were in series, all half-lit, they would glow. Very pretty. It was great. I had a fuse in the system, so if I shorted anything the fuse would blow. Now I had to have a fuse that was weaker than the fuse in the house, so I made my own fuses by taking tinfoil and wrapping it around an old burnt-out fuse. Across my fuse I had a five-watt bulb, so when my fuse blew, the load from the trickle charger that was always charging the storage battery would light up the bulb. The bulb was on the switchboard behind a piece of brown candy paper. It looks red when a light's behind it. So if something went off, I'd look up to the switchboard, and there would be a big red spot where the fuse went. It was fun. I enjoyed radios. I started with a crystal set that I bought at the store, and I used to listen to it at night in bed while I was going to sleep, through a pair of earphones. When my mother and father went out until late at night, they would come into my room and take my earphones off, and worry about what was going into my head while I was asleep. At that time, I invented a burglar alarm, which was a very simple-minded thing. It was just a big battery and a bell connected with some wire. When the door to my room opened, it pushed the wire against the battery and closed the circuit, and the bell would go off. One night, my mother and father came home from a night out, and very, very quietly, so as not to disturb the child, opened the door to come into my room to take my earphones off. All of a sudden, this tremendous bell went off with a hell of a racket. BONG! BONG! BONG! BONG! BONG! I jumped out of bed yelling, IT WORKED! IT WORKED! I had a Ford coil, a spark coil from an automobile, and I had the spark terminals at the top of my switchboard. I would put a Raytheon RH tube, which had argon gas in it, across the terminals, and the spark would make a purple glow inside the vacuum. It was just great. One day, I was playing with the Ford coil, punching holes in the paper with the sparks, and the paper caught on fire. Soon I couldn't hold it anymore, because it was burning near my fingers, so I dropped it in a metal wastebasket which had a lot of newspapers in it. Newspapers burn fast, you know, and the flame looked pretty big inside the room. I shut the door so my mother, who was playing bridge with some friends in the living room, couldn't find out there was a fire in my room, took a magazine that was lying nearby, and put it over the wastebasket to smother the fire. After the fire was out, I took the magazine off, but now the room began to fill up with smoke. The wastebasket was still too hot to handle, so I got a pair of pliers, carried it across the room, and held it at the window for the smoke to blow out. But because it was breezy outside, the wind lit the fire again, and now the magazine was out of reach, so I pulled the flaming wastebasket back in through the window to get the magazine, and I noticed there were curtains in the window. It was very dangerous. Well I got the magazine, put the fire out again, and this time kept the magazine with me while I shook the glowing coals out of the wastepaper basket onto the street two or three floors below. Then I went out of my room, closed the door behind me, and said to my mother, I'm going out to play, and the smoke went out slowly through the windows. I also did some things with electric motors, and built an amplifier for a photocell that I bought that could make a bell ring when I put my hand in front of the cell. I didn't get to do as much as I wanted to, because my mother kept putting me out all the time to play, but I was often in the house, fiddling with my lab. I bought radios at rummage sales. I didn't have any money, but it wasn't very expensive. They were old, broken radios, and I'd buy them and try to fix them. Usually they were broken in some simple-minded way. Some obvious wire was hanging loose, or a coil was broken or partly unwound, so I could get some of them going. On one of these radios one night, I got W-A-C-O in Waco, Texas.